《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(5): 831-838

种植密度对马铃薯种薯生产的影响

秦军红^1,4, 李文娟^1,2, 谢开云^1,3,4,*

¹国际马铃薯中心亚太中心(中国), 北京100081; ²禾众基金会, 北京100081; ³国家马铃薯工程技术研究中心, 山东乐陵253600; ⁴中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 北京100081

通信作者：谢开云；E-mail: xiekaiyun@caas.cn

摘　要：

与传统切块种植相比, 适宜大小的整薯播种, 不仅可以防止切刀传病, 提高植株抗性, 还可以节约生产成本, 提高种植效率。田间试验于2014和2015年在内蒙古察右中旗开展, 研究了不同种植密度和种薯大小对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)种薯生产中块茎产量和数量的影响, 旨在为整薯种植模式的推行提供支持。结果表明: (1)随着种植密度的增加, 块茎数量显著增加, 平均块茎重显著下降, 总产量变化不显著, 直径为40~55 mm的块茎占总产量的71.5%。(2)主茎密度与不同级别块茎的产量分布密切相关。随着主茎密度的增加, 直径<45 mm的块茎产量增加, 直径>55 mm的块茎产量降低, 直径在45~55 mm间的块茎产量随主茎密度的增加呈二次曲线变化。(3)提出了适用于种薯生产的适宜种植密度计算方法, 即种植者只需要提供目标产量、期望收获的块茎平均重量及计划使用的种薯大小, 就可以计算出适宜的种植密度。

关键词：马铃薯; 种薯; 密度; 块茎产量; 块茎数量

收稿：2017-04-05   修定：2017-05-18

资助：国际马铃薯中心项目(1251-1013)。

Effect of planting density on seed potato production

QIN Jun-Hong^1,4, LI Wen-Juan^1,2, XIE Kai-Yun^1,3,4,*

¹CIP-China Center for Asia Pacific (CCCAP), Beijing 100081, China; ²Solidaridad, Beijing 100081, China; ³National Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Laoling, Shandong 253600, China; ⁴The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Corresponding author: XIE Kai-Yun; E-mail: xiekaiyun@caas.cn

Abstract:

Comparing with cutting seed technology, whole seed technology can reduce disease and virus infection, which could improve the plant resistance itself and save production cost including chemical input and seed input as well as labor input for seed cutting, then improve production efficiency. Field experiments were carried out in 2014 and 2015 in Chayouzhongqiin, Inner Mongolia to study the effect of different planting densities and seed tuber sizes on tuber yield and tuber number in seed potato production to provide support for the implementation of the whole seed technology. The results showed that: (1) under the treatments of the research, with the planting density increasing, the number of tubers increased and the average tuber weight dropped significantly, but the total yield had little change. The tubers with the size between 40 and 55 mm were the main part of the total yield, which accounted for 71.5% of the total. (2) There were close relationship between stem density and weight distribution of different size tubers. As the increasing of the stem density, the yield of tubers with diameter < 45 mm increased, the yield of tubers with diameter > 55 mm decreased, and the yield of tubers between 45 to 55 mm in diameter changed as a quadratic curve. (3) A model on planting density recommendation for seed potato production was developed. Seed potato growers just need to give a target tuber number based on target yield and average seed tuber weight/size (ATW/ATS), and they can calculate the recommended plant density by the model.

Key words: potato; seed; density; tuber yield; tuber number